Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. Between expectations and disillusion henner furtig article outline 1 introduction 2 iranian foreign policy and the arab spring 3 reactions in the arab world 4 the struggle for the prerogative of interpretation of the arab spring inside iran 5 conclusion references. Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. International journal of development and conflict, vol. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
Justice and human dignity were not priorities in most states. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. But the upheavals of the past year have left the region in flux, and the u. Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. Jan 27, 2016 by the time it became clear to the world that egypts arab spring had gone terribly wrong, that the seemingly hollywoodlike drama of goodguy protesters triumphing over badguy dictator had. The cases of tunisia and egypt contributing factors to the. The causes and effects of the arab springs by matthew clarke. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations.
I can describe the causes and effects of the arab spring in my assigned country. Widely circulated pdfs of tip sheets explained how to pull off a. Pdf on jun 1, 2018, mohd irwan syazli saidin and others published rethinking the arab spring. I can compare and contrast the causes and effects of the arab spring in other middle eastern nations.
The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. The tumultuous events that have swept through the middle east during the last year or so were widely referred to in the west as the arab spring. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Introduction the arab spring also known as the arab uprising is a revolutionary wave of protests that started in 2011 and spread throughout the arab world. Luciani and others published on the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible developments find, read. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. Home this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the post arab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. The causes of the arab spring, or as some call it, arab awakening, were many and longgathering.
Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The media was awash with expectations of a secular democratic upheaval that was about to remove the dictators that had ruled much of. Like all great social upheavals, the arab spring was long in the making, and born of many intertwined causes. The unsexy truth about why the arab spring failed vox. The economic motivations of the arab spring andrea ansani vittorio daniele the final version of this paper has been published in. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Arab spring, political status quo, demonstration, relative deprivation. In tunisia, protests which began primary over economic frustration, injustice and. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. The demands made by protestors were wide ranging, and also evolved as protest movements developed. Oct 21, 2012 barack obama, the arab spring and a series of unforeseen events this article is more than 7 years old. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. Ever since the 1950s the arab world has been dominated by strongmen e.
The arab world has a long history of struggle for political change, from leftist groups to islamist radicals. Jan 09, 2012 is the arab spring good or bad for the u. For decades, arab populations had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption and stifling of political dissent. Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. Additionally, a variety of explanations have been offered presented by scholars and the media, regarding not only the cause of the arab spring but also.
Barack obama, the arab spring and a series of unforeseen events this article is more than 7 years old. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath.
Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Many arabs believe that the arab spring is a western, and more specifically an american, plan since the days of former us secretary of state henry kissinger to divide the middle east into smaller. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. This paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a prearab spring. Student, department of legal, historical, economic and social. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the cold war. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e.
The economic conditions that bred a political uprising. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction. According to volker perthes, the arab spring originated primarily from the explosive demographic developments in the arab world. On the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible developments. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. By the time it became clear to the world that egypts arab spring had gone terribly wrong, that the seemingly hollywoodlike drama of goodguy protesters triumphing over badguy dictator had. Feb 05, 2019 tunisians overthrowing a dictator peacefully. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Many of the spontaneous and in some cases leaderless arab spring movements of 2011 were unsuited to. The case of the arab spring, especially tunisia and egypt, showcase these complexities of revolution, both causal and perpetuating. The causes and effects of the arab springs by 12ael no single cause was behind the arab spring.
This research paper examines thoroughly and critically all the causes and facilitators of the arab spring from twitter and facebook to the relative deprivation of the numerous youth in the arab world. It is too optimistic to think that existing dilemmas can be easily resolved in this new and changing environment, but the arab spring may provide strong momentum for change. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. It is a prodemocracy demonstration which has been sweeping through middle east and north african since 2010. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Ralph schoolcraft department of international studies the arab spring has been misidentified as purely a struggle for democracy and political. Mar 18, 2017 the arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. The hope and reality of the uprisings is a critically essential, informed and informative volume for students, scholars, and nonspecialist general readers seeking the fullest understanding of how the arab uprisings continue to impact the region and the world in general, and united states foreign policies in particular. Barack obama, the arab spring and a series of unforeseen. Apr 27, 2019 the arab world has a long history of struggle for political change, from leftist groups to islamist radicals. But the protests that started in 2011 could not have evolved into a mass phenomenon had it not been for the widespread discontent over unemployment and low living standards. The unfinished revolutions of the new middle east, new york.
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